
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



W-.';i 


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■ 






By Lute Pease in the Newark News. 

"Though the mills of God grind slowly, 
Yet they grind exceeding small; 
Though with patience He stands waiting, 
With exactness grinds He all." 

Fkiedrich von Logau. 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 

A History of the War in 100 Cartoons 

by 27 of the most prominent 

American Cartoonists 



Compiled and Edited bt 

GEORGE J. HECHT 

FOUNDER OF THE BDBEAU OF CARTOONS 
COMMITTEE ON PCBLIC INFORMATION 




PUBLISHED BY 

E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY 

NEW YORK 



Copyright, 1919, 
BT E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY 



All Rights Reserved 



Frttited In the United States of America 



ShF -8 Isjy 






©CI.A529792 



THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED TO 

UNCLE SAM 

THE CHILD OF THE CARTOONISTS' FANCY, 
WHO HAVING GAINED NEW STATURE THROUGH 
THE WAR, SYMBOLIZES AMERICAN MANHOOD 
AND THUS EMBODIES THE HIGHEST IDEALS OF 

FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY 



CONTENTS 

"Though the Mills of God Grind Slowly," Lute Pease . Frontispiece 

PAOB 

The Extinguisher, Oscar Cesare 11 

The Incendiaries, John T. McCutcheon 13 

"Der Tag," John T. McCutcheon 15 

"Military Necessity," J. H. Donahey 17 

Balked! Charles H. Sykes 19 

Defending the Fatherland on the East Front, D. R. Fitzpatrick 21 

What Makes Old Glory, Robert Carter 23 

German Efficiency, J. H. Donahey 25 

"But Why Did You Kill Us?" Rollin Kirby 27 

His Shattered Masterpiece, Edwin Marcus 29 

German "Kultur," 0. P. Williams 31 

The Modern David, Edwin Marcus 33 

"Friends of France," Charles Dana Gibson 35 

Verdun, Charles H. Sykes 37 

Friendly Relations, J. H. Cassel 39 

Lifting the Lid, D. R. Fitzpatrick 41 

Dead Men Tell No Tales, J. N. Ding 43 

The Honor of the German Arms, J. N. Ding 45 

The Russian Revolution, Oscar Cesare 47 

America Hears the Call, J. H. Cassel 49 

For the Freedom of the Seas, Robert Carter 51 

"I Will not Abandon My Sorely Tried People!" Gaar Williams 53 



viii CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Our Answer, Harry Murphy 55 

"Not Dot I'm Interested, But — " Charles H. Sykes ... 57 

For Freedom, Not Conquest, Oscar Cesare 59 

The Storm Is Coming! Help! James Montgomery Flagg . . 61 

Another Spring Drive, J. H. Donahey 63 

At Your Service, J. H. Cassel 65 

Uncle Sam: "For a Small Boy You Have a Remarkably Large 

Appetite," Edwin Marcus 67 

Kaiser: "Halt! Who Goes There?" Oscar Cesare .... 69 

Men! Bah! D. R. Fitzpatrick 71 

The Great American Game — Pershing at the Bat, R. 0. Evans 73 

The Hope of Civilization, John T. McCutcheon ..... 75 

The Shield of Liberty, Harry Murphy 77 

Nothing Left But the Howl, J. H. Donahey 79 

What Would Your Dollar Be Worth Without Her? R. J. Bieger 81 

The Man Behind, Paul Fung 83 

The Bridge of Boats, Windsor McCay 85 

"They Said 'No'!" D. R. Fitzpatrick 87 

At Jerusalem, Oscar Cesare 89 

Join! Gordon Grant 91 

The Only Railroad President Left, Rollin Kirby .... 93 

Are We Completing the Cycle? J. N. Ding 95 

The Cornerstone, R. 0. Evans 97 

On to France! Nelson Harding '. . 99 

The Spirit of the Note, Charles H. Sykes 101 

The Beast Next Door, J. H. Donahey 103 

What's the Difference? D. R. Fitzpatrick 105 

Tired of Giving! You Won't Know What It Is to be Tired, 

J. N. Ding 107 

War Savings Stamps Will Buy Shells, Oscar Cesare . . . 109 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Putting All Their Punch in one Glove, R. 0. Evans . . . Ill 

It's a Race Between Hindenburg and Wilson, Lute Pease . 113 

Granted! J. H. Cassel 115 

One Front They Didn't Mean to Break, Edwin Marcus . . 117 

Locked In! J. H. Cassel 119 

Up to Him, Lute Pease 121 

High Tide, Nelson Harding 123 

His First Town, Rollin Kirby 125 

Another Great German Discovery, J. H. Ding 127 

One or the Other, A. B. Chapin 129 

Hindy's Fall Style Decorations, Robert W. Satterfield . . 131 

Congratulations from an Expert, Rollin Kirby 133 

Seeing Stars, Harry Murphy 135 

They Also Serve, Oscar Cesare 137 

"The End of a Perfect Day," Gaar Williams . . . ." . 139 

"I Too Am Against You!" Harry Murphy 141 

Columbia's Greater Task, Charles Dana Gibson 143 

Our Supergun Speaks, Charles H. Sykes 145 

"Be It Ever so Humble," D. R. Fiizpatrick 147 

The Rats Are Beginning to Leave, J. N. Ding 149 

"Bonds — Which?" Oscar Cesare 151 

And He Only Got a Taste of It, Charles H. Sykes .... 153 

The Wail of a Bully, A. B. Chapin 155 

"That Signature Is no Good; Have the Lady Sign It," Edwin 

Marcus 157 

"Peace — Kamerad!" Nelson Harding 159 

"How Could I Help It? Allah Quit When He Found Gott 

Had Deserted!" Charles H. Sykes 161 

Vandal in Victory, Vandal in Defeat, Rollin Kirby . . . 163 

Adjourning Politics for the Duration of the War, J. N. Ding . 165 



x CONTENTS 

PAOH 

The Sweetheart of the Allies, Paul Fung 167 

Dog — Gone It, Claude Shafer 169 

The Yellow Streak, Nelson Harding 171 

Peace on Earth, A. B. Chapin 173 

The Gorgon's Head, Robert Carter 175 

The Dawn of Tomorrow, J. H. Cassel 177 

The Lost Returned, J. H. Cassel 179 

Home, Rollin Kirby 181 

Out at Last, Rollin Kirby 183 

Thanksgiving Birds, Claude Shafer 185 

"I Have to Report, Sir, the Job Is Done," Rollin Kirby . . 187 

"Die Wacht Am Rhein," 0. P. Williams 189 

The Colors, John T. McCutcheon 191 

Overbalanced, J. H. Cassel 193 

Homeward Bound, 0. P. Williams 195 

Ain't It a Grand and Glorious Feeling? Clare Briggs . . 197 

The Message and the Messenger, Charles H. Sykes . . . 199 

Gosh! A. B. Chapin 201 

And Thus Endeth the Story, J. N. Ding 203 

And the Next Lesson Will Be, A. B. Chapin 205 

"Is It Possible That We Will Go Right Back to This?" 

J. N. Ding 207 



INTRODUCTION 



The late King Leopold of Belgium collected all the for- 
eign and domestic cartoons and caricatures of himself and 
these were preserved in albums labeled, "The King of Belgium 
as Others See Him." It is regrettable that ex-Kaiser William 
II was not inspired with the same idea. 




NVAHE.S T>eoFue_ 

SEE THINGS I 

In the so-called Yellow Journal of the White House, 
which is prepared daily for President Wilson in order that he 
may keep in close touch with public sentiment, there are in- 
cluded along with newspaper clippings several cartoons bear- 
ing on national questions. Marshal Foch's ambition was at one 

[i] 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 

time to be a great cartoonist. General Pershing has a cartoon 
framed in his A.E.F. headquarters, and cartoons are a particu- 
lar hobby of Mr. Herbert Hoover. Cartoonists frequently 
receive letters from U. S. Cabinet members and European am- 
bassadors requesting original cartoons. Not only the masses 
but also the men who hold the most exalted positions are in- 
terested in cartoons. 

The appearance of cartoons in the daily press is but a com- 
paratively recent occurrence. Half a century ago only a few 
national weeklies published cartoons. Within the last two 
decades, however, the press has realized the value of the car- 
toon in conveying a message forcefully and instantaneously. 
At the present time there are in the United States approx- 
imately 500 professional cartoonists drawing regularly for 
daily newspapers and periodicals. 

At first cartoons dealt largely with politics but within re- 
cent years the tendency has been to broaden their scope. Since 
1914, cartoonists everywhere have been drawing very largely 
on the war subjects. Every phase of the struggle has been 
covered in the millions of war cartoons. 

Never in history has there been presented so splendid an 
opportunity for cartoonists to demonstrate their power. One 
can not do credit to a powerful Springfield rifle if one has noth- 
ing but squirrels at which to shoot. Cartoonists, too, must 
have subjects worthy of their weapon in order to demonstrate 
their ability. The war furnished great subjects and great car- 
toons resulted. A higher standard of ideas and execution 
was speedily developed. 

[2] 



INTRODUCTION 

It has been said that the pen is mightier than the sword. 
The war has again proven this to be so. The publicity given 
Germany's conception of the obligations of treaty, her plans 
for world domination and her barbarous methods of fighting 
turned the whole world against her. The addresses of Presi- 
dent Wilson, heard by Congress but read by people everywhere, 
were more effective than any of the great German offensives. 
Public opinion rules the world to-day and no carefully organ- 
ized military system can withstand it. 

In the discussions of the various agencies through which 
public opinion is molded, much has been said about the power 
of the editor's pen, but strange to say little has been published 
about the even greater influence of the cartoonist's crayon. 

Editorials, no matter how forceful, are read by but few 
people compared to those who read the many, more interesting 
news items. Cartoons, on the other hand, attract every one 
because of their contrast with the uniform printed matter that 
usually surrounds them. Cartoons require little time or 
thought for their complete digestion and are therefore editorials 
at a glance. Thejr power lies in their simple and universal 
appeal. They are frequently able to induce thoughts that 
columns of reading matter fail to stimulate. 

As powerful molders of public opinion and stimulators 
of action, cartoons played their part in defeating Teutonic au- 
tocracy. The proof of the effectiveness of the war power of 
cartoons lies in Germany's opinion of the work of Louis Rae- 
maekers and of Allied and American cartoonists. 

Soon after the invasion of Belgium, Raemaekers' power- 
[s] 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 

ful cartoons in the Amsterdam Telegraaf attracted much atten- 
tion and were widely reproduced. The German government, 
realizing their influence, did everything in its power to sup- 
press them, and set a price on Raemaekers' head, should he ever 
venture across the border. Through German intrigue, Rae- 
maekers was charged in the Dutch courts with endangering 
the neutrality of Holland, and later, it is reported, an attempt 
was made to torpedo the ship in which he fled to England. 




According to press reports, Count von Hertling, the ex- 
Imperial German Chancellor, speaking of Allied propaganda, 
said : 

"When a result was not obtained by the spoken of written 
word it was achieved by pictorial representations — produc- 
tions of absolutely devilish fantasy, from which one turns with 
horror and disgust. But the result has been attained. A 
hatred has been raised among enemy populations against the 
Central Powers and particularly against Germany." 

[4] 



INTRODUCTION 



There has probably been no group of persons which has 
proven itself more eager to serve during the Great War than 
have the cartoonists of America. They have grasped every 



AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE8 
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 



Prance. October 28. 1916. 



TO THE CARTOOHISTS OF AMERICA. 



Americans individually end as groups have 
met their new duties in fine spirit and intel- 
ligence, and this has been particularly true 
of your talented creft. Your work has been 
one of the most important factors in creating 
and sustaining that resolute popular opinion 
which is now the voice of America. You have 
given unvarying loyalty and a lot of hard work 
to our Government and to our armed forces. 

Speaking for the Army in Prance, I can as- 
sure you that you have uiade us alternately 
serious and happy, both of which are good- for 
us. Times without nuinber your cartoons have 
illustrated, or interpreted, or exposed policy, 
or purpose, quicker and more effectively than 
the written word. You have been ready with the 
flash of humor or the touch of satire when that 
was the treatment required. You have my envy 
because you must have such fine times doing 
your work, especially those of you to whom the 
gods have given the blessed gift of humor. 



opportunity to draw patriotic cartoons and have rendered a 
considerable service in helping to convert public emotion into 
constructive patriotic action. 

At the beginning of the war when the German war aims 
were not widely known, when the public had to be informed 

[5] 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 

about the atrocities of the Huns, and when the war had to be 
brought home to those who lived so far from the cannon's roar, 
the many general patriotic cartoons that were drawn were of 
definite value. They electrified the people as nothing else 
could have done. 

In order, however, to inform the cartoonists of the many 
specific subjects upon which the Government wished to have 
cartoons drawn, the Bureau of Cartoons was established in De- 
cember, 1917, under the auspices of the National Committee 
of Patriotic Societies. In June, 1918, the Committee on Pub- 
lic Information took over the Bureau of Cartoons. The bureau 
published weekly the Bulletin for Cartoonists, which was sent 
regularly to every cartoonist in the United States. These 
bulletins contained subjects for cartoons as suggested by 
the United States Food Administration, the Treasury De- 
partment and other government agencies. As no specific 
pictorial ideas were given, there was no danger of the 
cartoons drawn on the subjects suggested losing their indi- 
viduality, for each cartoonist expressed the thoughts in a differ- 
ent way. The purpose of the Bulletin was distinctly not to 
give directions. The suggestions that were offered were to 
enable cartoonists to be of the greatest possible service. In 
this way a considerable cartoon power was developed which 
helped the Government in stimulating recruiting, populariz- 
ing the draft, saving food and fuel, selling Liberty Bonds and 
War Savings Stamps, warning against German propaganda 
and in solving a myriad of other difficult war problems. 

People will be reading for decades and children studying 
[6] 



INTRODUCTION 

for centuries the events of the past five years. Unlike the 
thousands of voluminous histories of the Great War that will 
be written, the present volume is a collection of one hundred 
cartoons, drawn contemporaneously by twenty-seven of the 
most prominent American cartoonists on the salient events of 
the war, with particular reference to the participation of the 
United States. 




TO VICTORY 
This volume also includes some memorable quotations 
from President Wilson and other prominent war leaders and 
describes briefly the events which the cartoons more forcefully 
portray. An interesting opportunity is offered to compare the 
manners of presentation and the styles of execution of the vari- 
ous cartoonists. It is regrettable that examples of the work 
of other equally capable American cartoonists can not be in- 
cluded. Limitations of space also prevent the reproduction 
of any of the drawings, which have been published in American 

[7] 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 

newspapers, by foreign cartoonists such as Louis Raemaekers 
and Captain Bruce Bairnsfather. 

The cartoons in this volume were drawn by men who are 
not merely artists but keen observers carefully gauging the 
pulse of the times. What history of the war can be more 
stimulating than this remarkably simple record in cartoons? 
Here with a few strokes of a cartoonist's crayon is portrayed 
that which is more important than historic facts — the Spirit 
of the Struggle. In these cartoons there is recreated the war 
atmosphere. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

I wish to express my appreciation to the newspapers and 
cartoonists for permission to reproduce copyrighted matter. 
I also extend my thanks to Miss Gretchen Leicht, the manager 
of the Bureau of Cartoons, for her assistance in collecting the 
thousands of cartoons from which those reproduced in this vol- 
ume were chosen. 

G. J. H. 



[8] 



THE WAR IN CARTOONS 



THE EXTINGUISHER. 

Before the war the world looked to Germany for much 
of the best that there was in literature, science, and music. But 
the value of her civilization was completely over-balanced by 
her system of government of which the ex-Emperor himself 
said: "Only one is master in this country. That is I. Who 
opposes me, I shall crush to pieces. All of you have only one 
will and that is my will; there is only one law and that is my 
law." 



1 10] 




By Oscar Ceeare in the New York Evening Post. 

THE EXTINGUISHER. 



[11] 



THE INCENDIARIES. 

On June 28, 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the 
throne of Austria-Hungary, and his consort, the Duchess of 
Hohenberg, were assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Ser- 
bian student. This was the pretext used by Austria-Hungary 
for sending an ultimatum to Serbia which that country could 
not possibly accept without sacrificing her national honor. It 
has been proven that the war which Austria-Hungary declared 
on Serbia on July 28, 1914, was instigated by Germany. 



[12] 




That set the world on fire. 

By John T. McCutcheon in the Chicago Tribune. 

THE INCENDIARIES. 



[13] 



"DER TAG." 

"Der Tag" — the day when war would be declared — was 
for many years the favorite toast in the German army and 
navy. Many prominent Germans have openly admitted that 
war was deliberately planned and looked forward to. For 
forty years they had been developing a perfect military system 
and constructing a large navy in anticipation of the war which 
was to achieve world domination for Germany. 



[14] 






By John T. McCutcheon in the Chicago Tribune. 

"DER TAG.' 







[15] 



"MILITARY NECESSITY." 

In spite of her promise to respect Belgian neutrality, 
Germany on August 2, 1914, demanded a free passage through 
Belgium to France. This being denied, Germany proceeded 
to overrun Belgium, which act she defended as a "Military 
Necessity." The resistance of the Belgian forces at Liege and 
Namur gave the French time to prepare for the expected in- 
vasion. Not only did the Germans attack Belgian troops but 
they also deliberately and systematically proceeded against 
the civilian population and attempted by means of murder, 
wholesale destruction, forced contributions and deportation of 
both men and women, to strike terror into the hearts of their 
foe. 



[16] 




By J. H. Donahey in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 

"MILITARY NECESSITY. 



[17] 



BALKED! 

During the first month of the war it seemed as if the Ger- 
mans would break the Allies' line and capture Paris. Though 
the brave resistance of the Belgian forces temporarily re- 
tarded the Teutonic hordes, the advance continued syste- 
matically. Under the direction of General Joffre the French 
executed a skillful retreat and on September 6, 1914, counter- 
attacked and drove the Germans over the Marne back into 
Northern France. At that point both sides entrenched and 
there was little open warfare again until the closing months 
of the war. 



[18] 




By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

BALKED! 



[19] 



DEFENDING THE FATHERLAND ON THE EAST 
FRONT. 

The story of the systematic exploitation of human misery 
by the German authorities in Poland is among the most hor- 
rible of the war. "In the great Hindenburg drive one year 
ago" (1916), wrote Frederic C. Walcott, "the countiy was 
completely devastated by the retreating Russian army and the 
oncoming Germans. A million people were driven from their 
homes. Half of them perished by the roadside." Through a 
policy of starvation the Prussian authorities attempted to 
transform Poland into a German province and how many hun- 
dreds of thousands of people died can never be told. 



[20] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 



DEFENDING THE FATHERLAND ON THE EAST 
FRONT. 



[21] 



WHAT MAKES OLD GLORY. 

The Commission for Relief in Belgium, under the leader- 
ship of Mr. Herbert Hoover, literally rescued the civilian in- 
habitants of the invaded sections of Belgium and France from 
all but total extinction. In spite of the most trying difficul- 
ties food and clothing were supplied to millions of refugees who 
would have otherwise been left to perish by the Germans. This 
work was originally supported by voluntary contributions, but 
it was later financed by the United States Government. In 
consequence of the ability shown by Mr. Hoover in this work, 
he was appointed United States Food Administrator and later 
Director-General of European reconstruction work. 




By Robert Carter in the New York Evening Sun. 

WHAT MAKES OLD GLORY 



[23] 



"GERMAN EFFICIENCY." 

The air raids which Germany perpetrated were another 
phase of German frightfulness. Thousands of French and 
English women and children were thus murdered and millions 
of dollars worth of property destroyed though no military ad- 
vantage was gained. German warships also bombarded Scar- 
borough and other unfortified English seaside resorts. All 
such warfare was forbidden by the regulations of the Hague 
Conventions which Germany had accepted. 



[24] 




By J. H. Donahey in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 

"GERMAN EFFICIENCY." 



[25] 



"BUT WHY DID YOU KILL US?" 

On May 17, 1915, the great Cunard liner Lusitania 
was sunk by the German submarine U-39 with the resultant 
loss of 1,154 lives, of whom 114 were American. In answer 
to the German excuses that the vessel was armed and carried 
ammunition "destined for the destruction of brave German 
soldiers," the United States replied in its note of June 9, 1915: 
"Whatever be the other facts regarding the Lusitania, the 
principal fact is that a great steamer primarily and chiefly a 
conveyance for passengers, and carrying more than a thou- 
sand souls who had no part or lot in the conduct of the war, was 
sunk without so much as a challenge or a warning, and that 
men, women and children were sent to their death in circum- 
stances unparalleled in modern warfare." 



[26] 



it »% 




■ ■■:■.■■■;■ .''"' ; ':.'"-. .:'■:-. • 







By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. 



"BUT WHY DID YOU KILL US?' 



[27] 



HIS SHATTERED MASTERPIECE. 

In 1882 an agreement was made between Germany, Aus- 
tria and Italy for their mutual defense. In 1914 Germany 
claimed to be bound by this Triple Alliance to protect Austria 
against attack by Russia. Italy, however, claimed that Aus- 
tria had taken the offensive and refused to fight on the Teutonic 
side. For nearly a year Italy remained neutral, but on May 
23, 1915, she declared war on Austria and later on Turkey, 
Bulgaria and Germany. 



[28] 




By Edwin Marcus in the New York Times. 

HIS SHATTERED MASTERPIECE. 



[29] 



GERMAN "KULTUR." 

On October 13, 1915, Edith Cavell, an English Red Cross 
nurse, was executed in pursuance of sentence passed by a Ger- 
man Military Court. It was charged against her that she had 
assisted English and Belgian men, who had come under her 
care as a nurse, to cross the frontier to Holland. The exe- 
cution took place in spite of the earnest protests in her behalf 
of the American minister in Brussels. This single act engen- 
dered greater indignation throughout the world than any atroc- 
ity except the sinking of the Lusitania. 



[30] 




By O. P. Williams in the New York Journal. 

GERMAN "KULTUR." 



[si] 



THE MODERN DAVID. 

Numerous unsuccessful attempts were made by neutral 
agencies to cause a cessation of hostilities. Before America 
entered the war Henry Ford, the automobile manufacturer, 
invited a number of prominent personages to visit, at his ex- 
pense, the belligerent countries for the purpose of accelerat- 
ing peace negotiations. The Pope on August 1, 1917, made 
a more formidable attempt by proposing a definite peace pro- 
gram, but this achieved no better result. 



[32] 




By Edwin Marcus in the New York Times. 

THE MODERN DAVID. 



[33] 



"FRIENDS OF FRANCE." 

Shortly after the outbreak of hostilities the American 
Ambulance Field Service was organized and it operated a 
large number of motor ambulances for the transport of 
wounded from the front. This American organization, which 
was supported by voluntary contributions, soon expanded and 
became a part of the French army. The ambulance drivers, 
largely American college men, repeatedly distinguished them- 
selves for bravery under fire. One of these ambulance units, 
composed largely of Cornell University students, carried the 
first American flag to the battle front. 



[34] 




By Charles Dana Gibson for the American Ambulance Field Service. 

FRIENDS OF FRANCE." 



[35] 



VERDUN. 

Verdun, the military key of the western front, was the 
scene of the fiercest fighting of the war. In February, 1916, 
the armies of the German Crown Prince began a violent as- 
sault upon Verdun which lasted for six months. This offen- 
sive, which was tremendously costly in human life, seemed suc- 
cessful at first, but finally failed. France was determined that 
"they shall not pass!" 



[86] 



■^ 



A 



•■""^iiH-'-f .,- 



(? 



H 



SlS^^f^-^" 







By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

VERDUN. 



[37] 



FRIENDLY RELATIONS. 

While pretending friendship for the United States, Ger- 
many, through her secret agents, did all in her power to destroy 
our industries by inciting strikes and causing explosions in 
our factories. It is known that Ambassador Bernstorff asked 
the German Foreign Office to send him $50,000 with which to 
try to influence Congress, and millions of dollars were spent 
for propaganda in this country. 



[38] 



\ v\ 



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hU 



\ WW 



A' 



•■''! < /•;" ■"■• ■ 'V ■//' / '' / 




By J. H. Cassel in the TVew Torfc JForJrf. 

FRIENDLY RELATIONS. 



LIFTING THE LID. 

A note dated January 19, 1917, from Dr. Zimmerman, 
the German Foreign Minister, to the German minister in 
Mexico fell into the hands of the U. S. State Department. 
It proposed that if the United States should not remain neu- 
tral when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, 
Mexico should wage war on the United States. Financial sup- 
port was promised and New Mexico, Texas and Arizona were 
offered as reward. It was also suggested that an alliance be- 
tween Germany, Mexico and Japan should be arranged. 



140] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 

LIFTING THE LID. 



[41] 



DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES. 

Quite typical of German intrigue and diplomacy is the 
so-called "Luxburg incident." Through the Swedish embassy 
Luxburg, the German minister at Buenos Aires, sent a cable 
to the German Foreign Office advising that Argentine steam- 
ers be "spared if possible or else sunk without leaving a trace." 
("Spurlos versenkt") 



[42] 




By J. N. Ding in the Nero York Tribune. 

DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES. 



[43] 



THE HONOR OF THE GERMAN ARMS. 

"Vessels of every kind, whatever their flag, their character, 
their cargo, their destination, their errand, have been ruth- 
lessly sent to the bottom without warning and without thought 
of help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendly 
neutrals along with those of belligerents. Even hospital ships 
and ships carrying relief to the sorely bereaved and stricken 
people of Belgium, though the latter were provided with safe 
conduct through the proscribed areas by the German Gov- 
ernment itself and were distinguished by unmistakable marks 
of identity, have been sunk with the same reckless lack of com- 
passion or of principle." 

From President Wilson's War Message, April 2, 1917. 



[44] 















By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

THE HONOR OF THE GERMAN ARMS. 



[45] 



THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. 

Probably the most remarkable event of the war was the 
Russian revolution. The old autocratic government did not 
respond to the democratic demands of the people, and its weak- 
ness was demonstrated to them by its inefficient conduct of 
the war. The people gradually won the troops over to the 
cause of the Duma and the nation, and when on March 12, 
1917, the Czar suspended the Duma, Rodzianko, the presi- 
dent of the Duma, announced the next day the formation of 
a Provisional Government. On March 15 Czar Nicholas was 
forced to abdicate but the Republic was not formally pro- 
claimed till September 17, 1917. 



[46] 




By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. 



[47] 



AMERICA HEARS THE CALL. 

In spite of Germany's promise to respect the rights of 
neutrals, on January 31, 1917, she announced unrestricted sub- 
marine warfare in certain specified zones. Three days later 
the United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany 
and Ambassador Bernstorff was dismissed. Several addi- 
tional American vessels having been sunk, President Wilson on 
April 2 asked Congress to declare the existence of a state of 
war with Germany. On April 6, 1917, Congress passed a 
joint resolution formally declaring a state of war and direct- 
ing the President to use the entire military and naval forces 
and all the resources of the country "to bring the conflict to a 
successful termination." 



[48] 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

AMERICA HEARS THE CALL. 



[49] 



FOR THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. 

"Why are we fighting Germany? The brief answer is 
that ours is a war of self-defense. We did not wish to fight 
Germany. She made the attack upon us, not on our shores, 
but on our ships, our lives, our rights, our future. For two 
years or more we held to a neutrality that made us apologists 
for things which outraged man's common sense of fair play 
and humanity." 

Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior. 



[50] 




CAKoff 



By Robert Carter in the Philadelphia Press. 

FOR THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. 



[51] 



"I WILL NOT ABANDON MY SORELY TRIED 
PEOPLE!" 

"We have no quarrel with the German people. We have 
no feeling toward them but one of sympathy and friendship. 
It was not upon their impulse that their government acted 
in entering this war. It was not with their previous knowl- 
edge or approval. It was a war determined upon as wars used 
to be determined upon in the old, unhappy days, when peo- 
ples were nowhere consulted by their rulers and wars were 
provoked and waged in the interest of dynasties or of little 
groups of ambitious men who were accustomed to use their 
fellowmen as pawns and tools." 

From President Wilson's War Message to Congress, 

April 2, 1917. 



[52] 




By Gaar Williams in the Indianapolis News. 

"I WILL NOT ABANDON MY SORELY TRIED 
PEOPLE!" 



[53] 



OUR ANSWER. 

"The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace 
must be planted upon the tested foundations of political lib- 
erty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no con- 
quest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no 
material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make." 
From President Wilson's War Message to Congress, 

April 2, 1917. 



[54] 




By Harry Murphy in the Chicago Herald-Examiner. 

OUR ANSWER. 



[55] 



"NOT DOT I'M INTERESTED, BUT " 

"But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall 
fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our 
hearts, for democracy, for the right of those who submit to 
authority to have a voice in their own government, for the 
rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion 
of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace 
and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free." 
From President Wilson's War Message, April 2, 1917. 



[56] 







By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 



"NOT DOT I'M INTERESTED, BUT- 



[57] 



FOR FREEDOM, NOT CONQUEST. 

"To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our for- 
tunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, 
with the pride of those who know that the day has come when 
America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the 
principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace 
which she has treasured. 

"God helping her, she can do no other." 
From President Wilson's War Message, April 2, 1917. 



[58] 







By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 



Qj*a* 



FOR FREEDOM, NOT CONQUEST. 



[59] 



THE STORM IS COMING! HELP! 

When the call for service came, Americans were not found 
wanting. Men and women everywhere laid aside their interest 
in personal success to render public service. Not only native 
Americans but also the foreign born — including many of Ger- 
man descent — responded promptly to the various Government 
appeals. Sectional jealousies and labor disputes were all im- 
mediately forgotten and the whole nation, imbued with the jus- 
tice of its cause, devoted all its energies to the winning of the 
war. 



[60] 







jus* »OTOr»a/ -»««£: 



By James Montgomery Flagg of the Vigilantes. 

THE STORM IS COMING! HELP! 



[61] 



ANOTHER SPRING DRIVE. 

Because of an inadequate farm labor supply and difficul- 
ties of transportation, Europe during the war was dependent 
to a large degree upon America for her food supply. It was 
possible to export large quantities of food from this country 
because the farmers greatly increased their production and 
because the supply was carefully conserved. "Food will win 
the war — don't waste it," was the slogan of the U. S. Food Ad- 
ministration. The economy resulting from the "Wheatless" 
and "Meatless" days would before the war have been thought 
impossible of achievement. 



[62] 




By J. H. Donahey in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 

ANOTHER SPRING DRIVE. 



[63] 



AT YOUR SERVICE. 

On June 5, 1917, nearly ten million men, between the 
ages of 21 and 31 inclusive, registered for National Service 
under the Selective Service Act. President Wilson in a proc- 
lamation said of this registration: ""It is a new thing in our 
history and a land mark in our progress. . . . It is in no sense 
a conscription of the unwilling; it is rather a selection from a 
nation which has volunteered in mass. ... It is not an army 
that we must shape and train for war ; it is a nation. . . . The 
nation needs all men; but it needs each man, not in the field 
that will most pleasure him, but in the endeavor that will best 
serve the common good." 



[64] 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

AT YOUR SERVICE. 



[65] 



UNCLE SAM: "FOR A SMALL BOY YOU HAVE A 
REMARKABLY LARGE APPETITE." 

The United States War Trade Board, working in con- 
junction with similar organizations in Great Britain and other 
allied countries, established a successful embargo against the 
enemy. Foodstuffs and other raw materials were prevented 
from entering Germany through neutral countries, and Teu- 
tonic financial interests throughout the neutral world were 
completely eclipsed. This absolute embargo played an im- 
portant part in achieving the final victory. 



[66] 




By Edwin Marcus in the New York Times. 

UNCLE SAM: TOR A SMALL BOY YOU HAVE A 
REMARKABLY LARGE APPETITE." 



[67] 



KAISER: "HALT! WHO GOES THERE?" 
PEACE: "FRIEND.'' 
KAISER: "I HAVE NONE!" 

Twenty-two nations were during the Great War allied 
against the Central Powers. These were, in the order of their 
declarations of war, Serhia, Russia, France, Great Britain, 
Belgium, Montenegro, Japan, Portugal, Italy, Roumania, 
Greece, United States, Cuba, Panama, Siam, Liberia, China, 
Brazil, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Haiti, and Honduras. After 
Russia dropped out of the conflict several of her former states 
— Poland and the Czechoslovak Republic — entered the war on 
the side of the Allies. In addition Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, 
and Ecuador broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. 



[68] 




Z*.U 



By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 

KAISER: "HALT! WHO GOES THERE?' 
PEACE: "FRIEND." 
KAISER: "I HAVE NONE!" 



m 



MEN! BAH! 

The Prussian military system aimed to get results no mat- 
ter what the cost. No sacrifice of human life was too great 
for them; no treaty or rule of international law too sacred for 
them to disregard. But the numerous German offensives, 
which were expected to break the Allies' line and thus to win 
the war, proved that German "efficiency" was not invincible. 



[70] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 

MEN! BAH! 



[71] 



THE GREAT AMERICAN GAME— PERSHING AT 
THE BAT. 

Under General Pershing's able leadership we again 
proved to France, by helping her to retain her freedom, our 
appreciation of her help in gaining ours. Probably the most 
dramatic phrase of the war was uttered when General Pershing 
placed a wreath on the tomb of Lafayette in the Picpus Ceme- 
tery in Paris. "Lafayette, We Are Here," was all he said. 



[72] 




mm 

By R. O. Evans in the Baltimore American. 



&.az%f4<£P- 



THE GREAT AMERICAN GAME— PERSHING AT 
THE BAT. 



[73] 



THE HOPE OF CIVILIZATION. 

"The American people . . . believe that peace should rest 
upon the rights of peoples, not the rights of Governments — 
the rights of peoples great or small, weak or powerful — their 
equal right of freedom and security and self-government and to 
a participation upon terms in the economic opportunities of the 
world, the German people of course included if they will accept 
equality and not seek domination." 
From President Wilson's Reply to the Pope, August 27, 1917. 



[74] 




By John T. McCutcheon in the Chicago Tribune. 

THE HOPE OF CIVILIZATION. 



[75] 



THE SHIELD OF LIBERTY. 

"Sacrifice and service must come from every class, every 
profession, every party, every creed, every section. This is 
not a banker's war, or a farmer's war, or a manufactur- 
er's war, or a laboring man's war — it is a war for every 
straight-out American whether our flag be his by birth 
or by adoption. We are to-day a Nation in arms and we must 
fight and farm, mine and manufacture, conserve food and 
fuel, save and spend to the one common purpose." 
President Wilson to the Northwestern Loyalty Meeting, No- 
vember 17, 1917. 



[76] 




By Harry Murphy in the Chicago Herald-Examiner. 

THE SHIELD OF LIBERTY. 



[77] 



NOTHING LEFT BUT THE HOWL. 

One of the chief war aims of Germany was the establish- 
ment of "Mittel Europa" in the interest of German commerce 
and German militarism. The consolidation of the German 
Empire, the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy and the Balkan 
States into a single economic unit would have been an accom- 
plished fact had not the Allies been victorious. 



[78] 




By J. H. Donahey in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 

NOTHING LEFT BUT THE HOWL. 



[79] 



WHAT WOULD YOUR DOLLAR BE WORTH 
WITHOUT HER? 

"Men in America have from the first until now dedicated 
both their lives and their fortunes to the vindication and main- 
tenance of the great principles and objects for which our Gov- 
ernment was set up. They will not fail now to show the world 
for what their wealth was intended." 

From President Wilson's Liberty Loan Proclamation. 



[80] 







By R. J. Bieger in the St. Louis Globe Democrat. 



WHAT WOULD YOUR DOLLAR BE WORTH 
WITHOUT HER? 



[81] 



THE MAN BEHIND 



"A people unwilling to make the supreme sacrifice for the 
right to live their own lives as a nation are undeserving of the 
privilege and enjoyment of living in a democratic Republic. 
The Roman Republic fell because of the internal lassitude 
and indifference of the masses. In this critical time of the 
world's history no sacrifice is too great to maintain and per- 
petuate the best that we have attained and to strive for still 
greater ideals." 

Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation 
of Labor. 



[82] 




By Paul Fung in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 

THE MAN BEHIND 



[83] 



THE BRIDGE OF BOATS. 

Before the war the United States had long ceased to be 
a maritime nation. At the time of America's entrance into 
the war less than 50,000 men were employed in the shipyards, 
but at the signing of the armistice there was an army of over 
a third of a million working in nearly twice as many shipbuild- 
ing ways as there were in all the rest of the world combined. 
On July 4, 1918, alone, 89 ships were launched in the United 
States. All shipbuilding records were broken when the S. S. 
Tuckahoe was released from her stays 27 days after her hull 
was laid. 



[84] 




Bv Windsor McCav in the New York American. 



THE BRIDGE OF BOATS. 



[85] 



"THEY SAID NO!" 

Throughout the war Austria-Hungary was simply the 
vassal of Germany and was used by that superior power to 
carry out her designs. Because of Austria-Hungary's alle- 
giance to Germany, it became necessary for the United States 
to declare war upon her, which was done on December 7, 1917. 
Many peace feelers were issued by Germany through Austria- 
Hungary, but the United States and the Allies were firm and 
were not fooled by the insincerity of their pleas. 



[86] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 

"THEY SAID 'NOT 



[87] 



AT JERUSALEM. 

Richard Coeur de Lion! "My dream come true." 

As a part of the Allied Near Eastern campaign the Brit- 
ish started an invasion of Palestine from Egypt in the spring 
of 1917. The Russian collapse halted for a time these opera- 
tions. But after the fall of Ascalon and Jaffa in November, 
the British army on December 9, under General E. H. H. 
Allenby, captured Jerusalem. Thus by this last crusade the 
Holy Land once more passed into Christian hands. Later in 
this campaign the fourth, seventh and eighth Turkish armies 
were completely surrounded and compelled to surrender. This 
precipitated the capitulation of the Ottoman Empire. 



[88] 




By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 

AT JERUSALEM. 

Richard Coeur de Lion! "My dream come true." 



[89] 



JOIN! 

"You should join the Red Cross because this arm of the 
National Service is steadily and efficiently maintaining its over- 
seas relief in every land, administering our millions wisely and 
well, and awakening the gratitude of every people. Our con- 
sciences will not let us enjoy the Christmas Season if this pledge 
of support to our cause and the world's weal is left unfilled. 
Red Cross membership is the Christmas spirit in terms of 
action." 

From President Wilson's 1917 Red Cross Christmas 

Proclamation. 



[90] 




By Gordon Grant for the American Red Cross. 

JOIN! 



[91] 



THE ONLY RAILROAD PRESIDENT LEFT. 

The tremendously heavy demands on the railroads of the 
United States, due to troop movements and the transportation 
of huge quantities of war supplies, made the unification of ad- 
ministration essential. Railroad management was therefore 
taken over by the Government, and on December 28, 1917, 
William G. McAdoo, the Secretary of the Treasury, was also 
appointed Director-General of Railroads. 



[92] 



:&>r- 



\,t& 







From Rollin Kirby in the 2Vew Yorfc World. 

THE ONLY RAILROAD PRESIDENT LEFT. 



[93] 



ARE WE COMPLETING THE CYCLE? 

On January 8, 1918, President Wilson, in an address to 
a joint session of Congress, named fourteen points as essential 
in a consideration of peace. The most important of these was 
the fourteenth point: 

"A general association of nations must be formed, under 
specific covenants, for the purpose of affording mutual guar- 
antees of political independence and territorial integrity to 
great and small nations alike." 



[94] 







Individuals used to settle their differences with the stone ax until they learned 
it was more profitable to co-operate and join together in clans. 




Clans fought each other for centuries until they found that through the medium 
of a state they could settle their differences without, bloodshed. 




States attempted to settle their differences through the medrum of the cannon 
and sword until they learned the advantage of national uryty . 




Nations are no w fighting the bloodiest war of history for supremacy. Is it not 
possible thafout of it may"come-an-international-leagueto- enforce peace? 

By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

ARE WE COMPLETING THE CYCLE? 



[95] 



THE CORNERSTONE 

The U. S. Fuel Administration was established in order 
to ensure an adequate coal supply for essential war purposes. 
At times restrictions had to be imposed on non-essential indus- 
tries in order that firms having war contracts and household 
consumers should have a sufficient supply. During the first 
few months of 1918 "heatless Mondays" were ordered for non- 
essential industries because of the coal shortage resulting from 
the severity of the winter and the congested conditions of the 
railroads. 



196] 



£?-^]fr:-Xr : *;:y*'.ty-:-.'S:$ > M:i&w'&^.- 




By R. O. Evans in the Baltimore American. 



t&affitf/i 



THE CORNERSTONE 

[97] 



ON TO FRANCE! 

/ 

In spite of the activities of German submarines two mil- 
lion American soldiers were tranpsorted to France with re- 
markably few losses. The biggest single loss of American 
troops was 170 lives when on February 5, 1918, the British 
transport Tuscarma was sunk off the north coast of Ireland 
with 2,200 soldiers on board. 



[98] 




By Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Eagle. 

ON TO FRANCE! 



[99] 



THE SPIRIT OF THE NOTE. 

On February 11, 1918, President Wilson addressed to 
Congress his reply to the notes of Chancellor von Hertling of 
Germany and Count Czernin of Austria-Hungary. His clos- 
ing words were: 

"The power of the United States is a menace to no nation 
or people. It will never be used in aggression or for the 
aggrandizement of any selfish interest of our own. It springs 
out of freedom and is for the service of freedom." 



[100] 







By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

THE SPIRIT OF THE NOTE. 



[101] 



THE BEAST NEXT DOOR 

Some of the European neutrals suffered almost as much 
from the war as the belligerents. Little Holland, wedged in 
the fighting zone, had to feed, in spite of her small food supply, 
hundreds of thousands of refugees from Belgium. She had 
also to keep her army mobilized throughout the war in order, 
if necessary, to defend her neutrality. Switzerland, deprived 
of her main source of revenue — her tourists — had likewise to 
keep her army ready. Next to Great Britain, Norway sus- 
tained the greatest losses from German U-boats, 1,205,000 
gross tons having been sunk. 



[102] 




By J. H. Donahey in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 

THE BEAST NEXT DOOR 



[103] 



WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? 

After the overthrow of autocracy in Russia the people 
were unable to establish a permanent stable government. 
Russia's great natural resources and vast man power therefore 
became valueless to the Allies. Alexander Kerensky, who 
had played an important part in the revolution of 1917, when 
he was for a few months Premier of the Provisional Govern- 
ment, put forth herculean efforts to adjust the differences be- 
tween the various political factions, to reorganize the army and 
to continue the battle. The Bolsheviki, seeking an immediate 
peace and the application of the principles of radical socialism 
to questions of property, caused the fall of the Kerensky 
government and once more threw all of Russia into confusion. 



[104] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? 



[105] 



TIRED OF GIVING! YOU DON'T 
KNOW WHAT IT IS TO BE TIRED. 

All descriptions of the tremendous suffering caused by 
the war are inadequate. They include not only the misery on 
the battlefield but also the distress of the inhabitants of in- 
vaded territory and the heart-aches of those at home. Along 
with suffering the war has brought to the world a new spirit 
of service which will live on long after the horrors of war have 
ceased. Terrible as was the price which the world has paid, 
it was perhaps not too great if it has helped to bring about 
a more unselfish spirit throughout humanity. 



[106] 




By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

TIRED OF GIVING! YOU DON'T 
KNOW WHAT IT IS TO BE TIRED. 



[107] 



WAR SAVINGS STAMPS WILL BUY SHELLS. 

"To practice thrift in peace times is a virtue and brings 
great benefit to the individual at all times; with the desperate 
need of the civilized world to-day for materials and labor with 
which to end the war, the practice of individual thrift is a pa- 
triotic duty and a necessity." 

From President Wilson's appeal to the people to buy Uberty 

bonds and War Savings Stamps. 



[108] 




By Oscar Cesare for the National War Savings Committee. 

WAR SAVINGS STAMPS WILL BUY SHELLS. 



[109 J 



PUTTING ALL THEIR PUNCH IN ONE GLOVE. 

On March 28, 1918, unity of military command was agreed 
upon between the Allies and General Foch was appointed the 
Commander-in-chief of the Allied armies. His superb strategy 
enabled him to withstand the monstrous German offensives in 
spite of the enemy's overwhelming man power, and then 
finally, when American troops had arrived in sufficient num- 
bers, to launch the attack which achieved the ultimate victory. 



[no] 




~Ry R. O. Evans in the Baltimore American. 

PUTTING ALL THEIR PUNCH IN ONE GLOVE. 



[in] 



IT'S A RACE BETWEEN HINDENBURG AND 
WILSON. 

Germany thought the United States would not fight and 
even after war had been declared the Germans jeered at the 
"little United States army." But she soon discovered Amer- 
ica's war strength and America's will to win. The latter was 
well expressed in President Wilson's Baltimore address on 
April 6, 1918, which closed: 

"There is, therefore, but one response possible from us — 
force; force to the utmost, force without stint or limit, the 
righteous and triumphant force which shall make right the 
law of the world and cast every selfish dominion down in the 
dust." 



[112] 




By Lute Pease in the Newark News. 

IT'S A RACE BETWEEN HINDENBURG AND 
WILSON. 



[113] 



GRANTED. 

"The object of this war is to deliver the free peoples of the 
world from the menace and the actual power of a vast military 
establishment controlled by an irresponsible government which, 
having secretly planned to do.xiinate the world, proceeded to 
carry the plan out without regard either to the sacred obliga- 
tions of treaty or the long-established practices and long- 
cherished principles of international action and honor; which 
chose its own time for the war, delivered its blow fiercely and 
suddenly; stopped at no barrier either of law or of mercy; 
swept a whole continent within the tide of blood — not the blood 
of soldiers only, but the blood of innocent women and children 
also and of the helpless poor; and now stands balked but not 
defeated, the enemy of four-fifths of the world." 
From President Wilson's Reply to the Pope, April 27, 1918. 



[114] 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

GRANTED. 



[115] 



ONE FRONT THEY DIDN'T MEAN TO BREAK. 

In the spring of 1918 Germany's U-boats ventured to 
cruise in American waters and sunk a number of ships with- 
in sight of our very shores. To those to whom the reality of 
the war had not already been forcibly brought home, this 
proved that the enemy was not three thousand miles away but 
right at our gates. 



[116] 







By Edwin Marcus in the New York Times. 

ONE FRONT THEY DIDN'T MEAN TO BREAK. 



[117] 



LOCKED IN! 

In the spring of 1918 the British Navy performed several 
feats of remarkable daring and skill in bottling up the harbors 
of Zeebrugge and Ostend, the most important German naval 
bases on the Belgian coast. In spite of heavy land fortifica- 
tions, the British were able to make a surprise attack and to 
sink a number of old vessels filled with concrete in the channels. 
This was so successfully done that exit was prevented to the 
many submarines and destroyers caught in the harbor and the 
ports became practically useless as naval bases for future 
operations. 



[118] 



-!,.'*■"". 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

LOCKED IN! 



[119] 



UP TO HIM. 

Great Britain's part in the war was not confined to con- 
trolling the seas. Her troops together with those of her many- 
colonies held a good part of the line on the western front. The 
staunchness of their defensive action is evidenced by Field 
Marshal Haig's famous message to his men on April 13, 1918 — 
"Every position must be held to the last man. There must 
be no retirement. With our backs to the wall and believing in 
the justice of our cause, every one of us must fight to the end." 



[120] 



.gaSMis, *te-*« 




By Lute Pease in the Newark News. 

UP TO HIM. 



[121] 



HIGH TIDE. 

The German General Staff soon realized the danger to 
their country of the rapidly increasing war strength of the 
United States and therefore attempted to force a decision be- 
fore America was completely mobilized for battle. On March 
21, 1918, Germany started a widely heralded offensive which 
was to break the Allies' line on the western front, and at one 
time it was feared that the Huns would be successful. Under 
the direction of Ludendorff the Germans expanded three sa- 
lients — the Lys, the Picardy and the Marne — but in the mid- 
dle of July the Allies were able to halt this advance and them- 
selves to take the offensive. 



122] 




By Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 

HIGH TIDE. 



[12S] 



HIS FIRST TOWN. 

"At Cantigny on May 28 (1918) troops of the First Di- 
vision fought their first real engagement and carried it suc- 
cessfully. On June 4, the Second Division of Regulars and 
Marines went into the line on the Marne, where the Germans 
were driving towards Paris. On June 15, they met the 
triumphantly marching enemy in the Belleau Woods, stopped 
his advance and in an impetuous charge drove his column back 
more than 900 yards. It was a brilliant demonstration of the 
quality of our troops, and among the weary French and Brit- 
ish soldiers in the trenches the word flew from mouth to mouth 
that the Americans were first-class fighting men." 

From the Annual Report of the Secretary of War. 



[124] 




it limy 



By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. 

HIS FIRST TOWN. 



[125] 



ANOTHER GREAT GERMAN DISCOVERY. 

One of the most dramatic incidents of the war was when 
an American officer at Chateau-Thierry responded to the ad- 
vice of a French commander to retreat by declaring, "The 
American flag has been compelled to retire. This is unendura- 
ble. We are going to counter-attack." Another of the war's 
historic moments was, when the Germans demanded the sur- 
render of the "lost battalion," which they had surrounded, the 
American commander replied, "Go to hell," and held back the 
enemy till relief came. 



[126] 




By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

ANOTHER GREAT GERMAN DISCOVERY. 



[127] 



ONE OR THE OTHER. 

In June, 1918, General Crowder, the U. S. Provost Mar- 
shal General, issued instructions to the local boards that all 
men of draft age must either do essential work or enter the 
military or naval services. 



[128] 




By A. U. Chapin in the San Francisco Examiner. 

ONE OR THE OTHER. 



[129] 



HINDY'S FALL STYLE DECORATIONS. 

On July 14, 1918, Germany started her last drive on the 
western front. On the 18th, Marshal Foch launched a suc- 
cessful counter-offensive on the Aisne and the Marne. From 
this date until November 11, when the armistice was signed, 
the American, British and French forces conducted practically 
a continuous offensive and slowly but surely drove the Germans 
out of northern France and southern Belgium. 



[ISO] 




ANb Blue- tYt- )* 

mighty BfcoMina. 
•en, what? 



By Robert W. Satterfield. 

HINDY'S FALL STYLE DECORATIONS. 



[181] 



CONGRATULATIONS FROM AN EXPERT. 

"The world knows to-day that the United States Marines 
held that line; that they blocked the advance that was rolling 
on toward Paris at a rate of six or seven miles a day ; that they 
met the attack in American fashion and with American hero- 
ism; that marines and soldiers of the American Army threw 
back the crack guard divisions of Germany, broke their ad- 
vance, drove them back in the beginning of a retreat that was 
not to end until the 'cease firing' signal sounded for the end 
of the world's greatest war." 

From the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy. 



[132] 



*^ 




•tt&ca&k****^!* 



By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. 

CONGRATULATIONS FROM AN EXPERT. 



tuna* 



[133] 



SEEING STARS. 

Because of Germany's superior man-power the warfare of 
the Allies was, with a few notable exceptions, largely defensive 
in character until July 18, 1918, when Marshal Foch ordered 
offensive action. On August 2, the French captured Sois- 
sons. On October 9, Cambrai was taken by the British and 
three days later Laon and La Fere fell to the French. These 
towns were the strongholds of the famous "Hindenburg Line." 
Ostend, Bruges and Lille were captured by the Allies on Oc- 
tober 17 ; Valenciennes fell to the British on November 2 and 
finally Sedan was taken by the American Army five days be- 
fore the armistice with Germany was signed. 



[134] 




By Harry Murphy in the Chicago Herald-Examiner. 

SEEING STARS. 



[135] 



THEY ALSO SERVE. 

Because of the great demand for gasoline for military pur- 
poses, the public was asked to conserve the supply. The uni- 
versal compliance with the request of the U. S. Fuel Admin- 
istration not to use gasoline for pleasure driving on Sunday 
did credit to the patriotism of the American people. 



[136] 




By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 

THEY ALSO SERVE. 



[137] 



"THE END OF A PERFECT DAY." 

"On September 12th, the First American Army, under the 
personal direction of General Pershing, launched an attack on 
St. Mihiel and within twenty-four hours had pinched off that 
heavily fortified salient which had withstood attack through 
four years of war. The elimination of this salient, which had 
menaced Eastern France, relieved the pressure on Verdun and 
made possible further advances north of that city." 

From the Annual Report of the Secretary of War. 



[138] 




By Gaar Williams in the Indianapolis News. 

"THE END OF A PERFECT DAY." 



[139] 



"I, TOO, AM AGAINST YOU!" 

"What shall we say of the women — of their instant intelli- 
gence, quickening every task that they touch; their capacity 
for organization and cooperation, which gave their action dis- 
cipline and enhanced the effectiveness of everything they at- 
tempted; their aptitude at tasks to which they had never be- 
fore set their hands ; their utter self-sacrifice alike in what they 
did and what they gave? Their contribution to the great re- 
sult is beyond appraisal. They have added a new luster to the 
annals of American womanhood." 

From President Wilson's Address to Congress, 

December 2, 1918. 



[140] 




By Harry Murphy in the Chicago Herald-Examiner. 

"I, TOO, AM AGAINST YOU!" 



[141] 



COLUMBIA'S GREATER TASK. 

"Against the dark background of war is sharply revealed 
the bright light of mercy for which the Red Cross stands." 
The work of this organization at the front — not only in the 
hospitals but also on the battlefields — the activities of the vari- 
ous societies far behind the lines which rolled bandages and 
knitted socks and sweaters, and the home service rendered to 
the families of fighters, constitutes an important chapter in 
the history of the war. The Red Cross has in the minds of 
every one been accepted as the "trade-mark of humanity." 



[142] 




By Charles Dana Gibson in the Red Cross Magazine. 

COLUMBIA'S GREATER TASK. 



[143] 



OUR SUPERGUN SPEAKS. 

The draft ages were extended from 18 to 45 by a second 
Selective Service Act, and on September 12, 1918, approxi- 
mately 13,000,000 additional men were registered. In the 
words of President Wilson: "This registration is America's 
announcement to the world that we are ready to complete the 
task already begun with such emphatic success." 



[144] 



.,__ /^^*^v i'' : 4- : '""fe3^#r ^/'-'-i&t^ 




By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

OUR SUPERGUN SPEAKS. 



[145] 



"BE IT EVER SO HUMBLE- 



"Better the death of the whole Nation than the surrender 
of our national liberty to the Austrians. We can wait and in 
the end Serbia and her allies will emerge victorious from the 
struggle." This was the creed of Serbia, the picked victim 
of the German plot and yet the stumbling-block of the vast 
Prussian schemes. Her faith has been justified. 



[146] 




By D. R. Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 

"BE IT EVER SO HUMBLE- 



[147] 



THE RATS ARE BEGINNING TO LEAVE. 

September 14th, 1918, General Franchet d'Esperey, in 
command of the allied French, British, Serbian, Montenegrin, 
Italian and Greek troops on the Macedonian front, launched 
an offensive against the Bulgarians. This was so successful 
that twelve days later Bulgaria asked for a suspension of hos- 
tilities, which request was rejected, but resulted in her capitula- 
tion on September 30th, amounting to unconditional surrender. 



L148J 



tmmm*^ ■ 




%^M. 



By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

THE RATS ARE BEGINNING TO LEAVE. 



[149] 



"BONDS— WHICH ?" 

To advertise the Fourth Liberty Loan the following open 
letter from the American Expeditionary Force was extensively 
published in the United States: "To the President — If the 
folks back home fall short on the billions you need, Mr. Presi- 
dent, call on us for the balance. We like our pay — but if we 
have to, we can go without it. Yours for Victory, A. E. F." 
The "Folks back home" did their part and their answer to this 
appeal for funds was $6,989,047,000. 



[150] 




— <L*SBA* 



By Oscar Cesare in the New York Evening Post. 

"BONDS— WHICH?" 



[151] 



AND HE ONLY GOT A TASTE OF IT. 

"I pay the supreme tribute to our officers and soldiers of 
the line. When I think of their heroism, their patience under 
hardships, their unflinching spirit of offensive action, I am 
filled with emotion which I am unable to express. Their 
deeds are immortal, and they have earned the eternal gratitude 
of our country." 

From General John J. Pershing's Report. 



[152] 








By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

AND HE ONLY GOT A TASTE OF IT. 



[153] 



THE WAIL OF A BULLY. 

On October 5, 1918, the German Government sent a note 
to President Wilson requesting the opening of peace negotia- 
tions. The note said in part: 

"It (the German Government) accepts the program set 
forth by the President of the United States in his message to 
Congress on January 8, and in his later pronouncements, espe- 
cially his speech of September 27, as a basis for peace negotia- 
tions. 

"With a view to avoiding further bloodshed, the German 
Government requests the immediate conclusion of an armistice 
on land and water and in the air." 



[154] 




By A. B. Chapin in the St. Louis Republic. 

THE WAIL OF A BULLY. 



[155] 



"THAT SIGNATURE IS NO GOOD; HAVE THE 
LADY SIGN IT." 

At the outset of the war President Wilson stated dis- 
tinctly that the people of the United States were "not the 
enemies of the German people" hut the ruthless rulers of Ger- 
many whose word could not be taken as guarantee for any- 
thing that was to endure. Therefore when the German Chan- 
cellor agreed to accept President Wilson's fourteen points as 
a basis of peace, President Wilson in his reply inquired 
whether this peace plea came from "veritable representatives 
of the German people, who have been assured of a genuine con- 
stitutional standing as the real rulers of Germany." 



[156] 




By Edwin Marcus in the New York Times. 

"THAT SIGNATURE IS NO GOOD; HAVE THE 
LADY SIGN IT." 



[157] 



"PEACE— KAMERAD !" 

Having learnt by sad experience that the word of the rul- 
ers of Germany could not be trusted, President Wilson replied 
to Germany's request for peace "that the only armistice he 
would feel justified in submitting for consideration would be 
one which should leave the United States and the powers asso- 
ciated with her in a position to enforce any arrangement that 
may be entered into and to make a renewal of hostilities on 
the part of Germany impossible." 



[158] 




By Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Eagle. 

"PEACE— KAMERAD !" 



[159] 



"HOW COULD I HELP IT? ALLAH QUIT WHEN 
HE FOUND GOTT HAD DESERTED!" 

Although the United States never declared war against 
Turkey, diplomatic relations were severed on April 20, 1917. 
The news of Turkey's surrender on October 31, 1918, was 
therefore not displeasing as it clearly indicated what was to 
follow. 



[160] 




By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

"HOW COULD I HELP IT? ALLAH QUIT WHEN 
HE FOUND GOTT HAD DESERTED!" 



[161] 



VANDAL IN VICTORY, VANDAL IN DEFEAT. 

The story of Germany's invasion of Belgium and north- 
ern France is a continual record of pillage and plunder. 
Through a system of "frightfulness," which consisted in burn- 
ing villages and murdering innocent women and children, the 
Huns attempted to win the war through fear. In spite of the 
rules agreed upon at the Hague Conventions, private property 
was seized and destroyed without thought of compensation. 
The same vandalism which was characteristic of their victorious 
advance was evidenced by their retreat when they carried off 
with them everything they could and attempted to destroy all 
that remained. 



[162 J 




By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. 

VANDAL IN VICTORY, VANDAL IN DEFEAT. 



[165] 



ADJOURNING POLITICS FOR THE DURATION 
OF THE WAR. 

Though it was said that politics were adjourned for the 
duration of the war, the congressional elections of November, 
1918, showed plainly that a majority of the politicians were 
anti-administration. The main issue, however, between the 
political parties was not the support of the war but the vigor 
of its prosecution. 



[164] 




By J. N. Ding in the New York Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

ADJOURNING POLITICS FOR THE DURATION 
OF THE WAR. 



[165] 



THE SWEETHEART OF THE ALLIES. 

The Salvation Army, the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Catho- 
lic War Council, the Jewish Welfare Board, the American 
Library Association and the War Camp Community Service, 
which organizations rendered such splendid services among the 
troops over here and over there, conducted a united drive for 
funds and in one week $203,000,000 was raised. 



166] 






:'.V" 



i/f : M>/*j 



g 



■ ■■■i n— r i T ii .. ■ I .- -4 j 











By Paul Fung in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 

THE SWEETHEART OF THE ALLIES. 



1167] 



DOG-GONE IT. 

After Russia overthrew her autocratic government, Ger- 
many attempted to so weaken her by causing internal revolu- 
tion that she would be compelled to sign a separate peace. The 
Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which was negotiated between Germany 
on one side and German secret agents representing Russia 
on the other, was a temporary victory for Germany but proved 
ineffective when other factions gained control of Russia. Bol- 
shevism fostered by Germans in Russia proved to be a boom- 
erang to Germany during the closing months of the war. 



[168] 






^ 






°9 S^i 









By Claude Shafer in the Cincinnati Post. 

DOG-GONE IT. 



[169] 



THE YELLOW STREAK. 

On November 3-5, because of an alleged order to proceed 
to sea and engage the enemy, a mutiny occurred in the Ger- 
man fleet at Kiel and other naval bases, the men organizing 
Soldiers' and Workers' Councils. On November 7, King Lud- 
wig was deposed and Bavaria was proclaimed a republic. This 
move was followed in a few days by Saxony, Wiirttemberg, 
Baden and other German states. On November 9, Kaiser 
Wilhelm offered the regency to Prince Max and appointed 
Friedrich Elbert, Majority Socialist Leader, Chancellor. The 
latter ignored the regency and formed his own cabinet. On 
the same day the Kaiser fled to Holland. 



[170] 









vKOHtNiou^H s?t.c\i\C;^ 



TO 







By Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 

THE YELLOW STREAK. 



[171] 



PEACE ON EARTH. 

"My Fellow Countrymen: The armistice was signed this 
morning. Everything for which America fought has been ac- 
complished. It will now be our fortunate duty to assist by ex- 
ample, by sober, friendly counsel and by material aid in the es- 
tablishment of just democracy throughout the world." 
President Wilson's Proclamation announcing the signing of 

the armistice, November 11, 1918. 



[172] 




Pd/Tg/AJ 



By A. B. Chapin in the St. Louis Republic. 

PEACE ON EARTH. 



[173] 



THE GORGON'S HEAD. 

At the date of the signing of the armistice there was in 
the military service of the United States over one quarter of 
the entire male population between the ages of 18 and 31. In 
nineteen months the United States army grew from 189,674 in 
March, 1917, to 3,664,000 in November, 1918. At the latter 
date the United States was represented overseas by an army 
of two million men, a contingent second only to the French. 



[174] 




^mstizszi. 



By Robert Carter in the Philadelphia Press. 

THE GORGON'S HEAD. 



[175] 



THE DAWN OF TO-MORROW. 

"To conquer with arms is to make only a temporary con- 
quest; to conquer the world by earning its esteem is to make 
permanent conquest. I am confident that the nations that have 
learned the discipline of freedom and that have settled with 
self-possession of its ordered practice are now about to make 
conquest of the world by the sheer power of example and of 
friendly helpfulness." 

From President Wilson's Address to Congress, November 11, 
1918, announcing the armistice terms with Germany. 



[176] 











7 




"3 ""^»?S?;rf *>*» » 



By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

THE DAWN OF TO-MORROW. 



[177] 



THE LOST RETURNED. 

Six days after the signing of the armistice the occupation 
of the evacuated territory began. On November 19th, 1918, 
French troops, under Marshal Petain, occupied Metz and on 
the same day King Albert entered Antwerp. Three days 
later he rode into Brussels. On Noveaiber 28 French troops 
occupied Strassburg. On December 8 the Americans reached 
Coblenz. 



178] 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World. 

THE LOST RETURNED. 



[179] 



HOME. 

"At the moment that you reenter Brussels at the head of 
your victorious army, may I not express the great joy that it 
gives to me and the American people to hail your return to 
your capitol, marking your final triumph in this war, which has 
cost your nation so much suffering but from which it will arise 
in new strength to a higher destiny?" 
Telegram sent by President Wilson to King Albert of Belgium. 



[180] 




By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. 

HOME. 






[181] 



OUT AT LAST. 

On November 20, 1918, the German Navy, without having 
fought a single formidable battle, surrendered to the Grand 
Allied Fleet. Admiral Beatty's historic order will not be for- 
gotten: "The German flag is to be hauled down at sunset 
to-day and is not to be hoisted again without permission." 



[182] 







By Rollin Kirby in the New yorfc World. 

OUT AT LAST. 



[183] 



THANKSGIVING BIRDS. 

"This year we have special and moving cause to be grateful 
and to rejoice. God has in His good pleasure given us peace. 
It has not come as a mere cessation of arms — a mere relief 
from the strain and tragedy of war. It has come as a great 
triumph of right. Complete victory has brought us, not peace 
alone, but the confident promise of a new day as well in which 
justice shall replace force and intrigue among the nations." 
From President Wilson's 1918 Thanksgiving Proclamation. 



[184] 




By Claude Shafer in the Cincinnati Post. 

THANKSGIVING BIRDS. 



[185] 



"I HAVE TO REPORT, SIR, THE JOB IS DONE." 

On December 26, 1918, the Grand American Fleet re- 
turned to the United States, having cooperated with the Al- 
lied navies throughout the war. Transports and merchant 
ships were so successfully protected against the attacks of Ger- 
man submarines that two million American soldiers and untold 
quantities of food and war supplies were transported to France 
with remarkably few losses. With the German navy and mer- 
chant marine bottled up in harbors, the commerce of the United 
States and the Allies continued practically as before. 



[186] 




By Rollin Kirby of the Netv York World. 

"I HAVE TO REPORT, SIR, THE JOB IS DONE." 



[187] 



"DIE WACHT AM RHEIN." 

In order to prevent the resumption of hostilities, under 
the terms of the armistice the Allied armies of occupation took 
over all German territory on the left bank of the Rhine, as 
well as several important cities on the right side. Germany 
was required also to turn over to the Allies large quantities 
of guns and railroad material and to repatriate immediately 
without reciprocity all prisoners of war. 



[188] 




By O. P. Williams in the New York Journal. 

"DIE WACHT AM RHEIN." 



[189] 



THE COLORS. 

"I think that, in spite of all the terrible suffering and sac- 
rifice of this war, we shall some day, in looking back upon 
them, realize that they were worth while, not only because of 
the security they gave the world against unjust aggression, 
but also because of the understanding they established between 
the great nations, which ought to act with each other in the 
permanent maintenance of justice and of right." 
From President Wilson's address on arriving at Dover, Eng- 
land, December 26, 1918. 



190] 




And white Cor evermore. 



By John T. McCutcheon in the Chicago Tribune. 

THE COLORS. 



[191] 



OVERBALANCED. 

In a task as tremendous as that which the United States 
had to undertake — to mobilize for battle a nation unprepared 
for war — it was obviously impossible to avoid some mistakes. 
But the astonishing results that were accomplished completely 
overbalanced the errors that were made. In time, our errors, 
which brought forth so much criticism, will disappear from 
view, and our achievements will stand out clearly. 



[192] 




By J. H. Cassel in the New York World 



-^ h * ^^£ 



OVERBALANCED. 



[193] 



HOMEWARD BOUND. 

Our pride in having our boys go over to France to fight 
to help free the world of autocracy was second only to our joy 
in having our victorious soldiers return once more to our 
shores. 



L194] 




By O. P. Williams in the New York Journal. 

HOMEWARD BOUND. 



[195] 



AIN'T IT A GRAND AND GLORIOUS FEELING? 

Instead of the old pension system, the United States Gov- 
ernment offered every soldier and sailor special war risk in- 
surance at reasonable rates. Provision was made for the fami- 
lies of fighters by an allotment system under which the soldier 
and the Government each contributed one-half. The wounded 
were carefully nursed back to health and those who were per- 
manently incapacitated were taught new trades so that they 
might become self-supporting. Through the United States 
Employment Service an effort was made to find a position for 
every discharged soldier and sailor. 



[196] 




AFTeR Yoo-x/e BEEN 
wounded AND ^bu 6Tay in 
a hospital. in> frxrjce 
several, long and weary 

MONTH* 



//;/// 1 ft' 



- AkD VSIH6N YoO LAfMD 'M 

me U 3. A. You cant 
Joir-j The. hurrah cpo^ds 





- AfJP The Gouernment 

TellS YOU »X UJtLL- T6ACH 
You P» NEW TRADE 
VUtTHOUT CHARGE 




- ANX> FtNALLV YOU AftE. ALL 

fijceX> amD GeV.A- BeTTER JOB 

T>iam tbw tueR[-|HAX> — AL^o You» 

COMPerj5A-rtoi>j Land insurance 




-OH-h-m boy '.'.' 

AIM'T ■•»• *» ^V 

6L0RR-«« o °5 

F£EUN' ? 




By Clare Briggs in the Nen> York Tribune. 

AIN'T IT A GRAND AND GLORIOUS FEELING? 



[197] 



THE MESSAGE AND THE MESSENGER. 

Breaking the precedent that the President of the United 
States never leaves the country, President Wilson on Decem- 
ber 4, 1918, sailed for Europe to attend the Peace Conference. 
Other members of the American mission were Secretary of 
State Lansing, Col. E. M. House, Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, and 
ex- Ambassador Henry White. President Wilson's visits to 
Paris, London and Rome were the occasion for unprecedented 
demonstrations by the populace. 



[198] 




By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. 

THE MESSAGE AND THE MESSENGER. 



[m] 



"GOSH." 

Although the principal war aim of the Allied belligerents 
was identical — namely, to overthrow Teutonic autocracy — 
many of the minor ambitions of the several nations conflicted. 
This, together with the problem of establishing a League of 
Nations to insure permanent peace, presented a difficult puzzle 
for the representatives at the Peace Conference to solve. 



[200] 




By A. B. Chapin in the St. Louis Republic. 

"GOSH." 



[201] 



AND THUS ENDETH THE STORY. 

Exactly five years after the assassinations at Sarajevo 
on June 28, 1919, the Peace Treaty was signed at Versailles 
by the German delegates and representatives of all the Allied 
powers, except China. Embodied in the treaty were the cove- 
nant providing for a League of Nations, which is destined to 
aid materially in the prevention of future wars and in the es- 
tablishment of international justice. 



[202] 



DEUTSCHl-ANO 



> \u-BeJi/.A.U.E.S * / ' 




By J. N. Ding, in the N. Y. Tribune and the Des Moines Register. 

AND THUS ENDETH THE STORY 



[203] 



AND THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE 

The world has been made safe for democracy in that vic- 
tory has done away with the dangerous forces of autocracy 
and has made possible the establishment of true democracy. 
Added to this task are many new and difficult reconstruction 
problems — not only the physical rebuilding of Europe but 
also the more complicated necessity of labor adjustment. 



[204] 




By A. B. Chapin in the St. Louis Republic. 

AND THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE- 



[205] 



"IS IT POSSIBLE THAT WE WILL GO RIGHT 
BACK TO THIS?" 

During the war people everywhere have grown to recog- 
nize more seriously than ever before their obligations to the 
state and to their fellow beings. The men who have offered 
their lives for their country will certainly not return to merely 
selfish existences. It is to be hoped that the superb spirit of 
service manifest so universally during the period of belligerency 
will continue to move people to help solve the many equally 
serious problems of peace. 



[206] 




By J. N. Ding in the Des Moines Register. 

"IS IT POSSIBLE THAT WE WILL GO RIGHT 
BACK TO THIS?" 



[207] 



Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proc 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: MAY m 

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